Rheology is the study of the deformation and flow of matter under the influence of an applied stress, which might be shear stress or extensional stress. Rheology dealing with shear stress is called shear rheology. Rheology dealing with extensional stress is called extensional rheology. Shear rheology is much more widely used than extensional rheology. That is why it is often referred to as simply rheology without specfying type of the stress.
The term rheology was coined by Eugene Bingham, a professor at Lehigh University, in 1920, from a suggestion by a colleague, Markus Reiner. The term was inspired by Heraclitus's famous expression panta rei, "everything flows".
RESOURCEFUL LINKS:
1.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheology
2.http://www.aip.org/tip/INPHFA/vol-10/iss-2/p29.html
3. www.afns.ualberta.ca/Courses/Nufs403/PDFs/chapter3.pdf
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